C-reactive protein [CRP]; in patients with metabolic syndrome

To determine the frequency of raised C-reactive protein [CRP] in patients with metabolic syndrome. This cross sectional descriptive study of six months study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. All the patients of 20 to 60 years of age, of either gender presented with symptoms of metabolic syndrome for more than 01 year duration were admitted and evaluated for C-reactive protein. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. Total one hundred patients [59 females and 41 males] with metabolic syndrome were evaluated for C-reactive protein. The mean waist circumference for males and female patients with raised CRP was 48.93 +/- 2.33 and 48.42 +/- 3.41 while the mean +/- SD of serum triglycerides level for male and female with raised CRP was 192.41 +/- 3.21 and 196.31 +/- 3.43 respectively. The mean +/- SD of serum HDL-C level for male and female with raised CRP was 28.32 +/- 1.22 and 25.31 +/- 1.42. The mean +/- SD of systolic and diastolic pressure for males and female patients with raised CRP was 150 +/- 3.42 and 100.51 +/- 4.42. The mean +/- SD of serum fasting blood sugar for male and female patients with raised CRP was 131.52 +/- 3.33 and 143.42 +/- 7.42 respectively. The mean +/- SD of CRP for male and female patients with raised CRP was 4.42 +/- 1.21 and 5.8 +/- 2.52. In relation to gender distribution, the majority of subjects from 40-49 years of age group with female predominance [p = 0.01] while the CRP was raised in 67% patients in relation to age [p=0.05] and gender [p=0.04] respectively. Out of 67 subjects with raised CRP 44 were females and 23 were males

Hemorrhagic stroke; frequency of hypertension, diabetes and smoking in patients

To identify the frequency of risk factors in hemorrhagic stroke at Liaquat university of medical and health sciences. This Descriptive case series study of six months was carried out in the department of medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. Patients aged 20-70 years of age with hemorrhagic stroke on CT were enrolled in the study after taking consent from caretaker of patients. Detailed history focusing on hypertension, diabetes and smoking and their duration was taken. Blood pressure was recorded and fundoscopy was done to find out diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy. Thorough neurological examination and fasting / random blood glucose level was evaluated while the data was done was analyzed using SPSS version 16. A total of 100 patients were included in the study during study period. 61% of patients were in > 50 years of age group with mean age of 53.4+/-11 years. A total of 66 [66%] were male; with male to female ratio was 2:1. Hypertension was present in 63% of cases, Diabetes was found in 24% cases and 44 patients were cigarette smokers. It was concluded that high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and smoking are associated with hemorrhagic stroke

Hepatocellular carcinoma; different child-pugh classes based on alpha-fetoprotein level

To determine the frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in different Child-Pugh classes based on Alfa fetoprotein level. Case series study. Six months. Medical Unit-I of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan. A total of 100 patients admitted [inpatients] in Medical Unit I with the diagnosis of cirrhosis were enrolled in the study. Patients with cirrhosis of liver [more than six month duration] of either gender were included. If patients had metastatic lesion of the liver, liver abscess, or acute liver failure then they were excluded. Child-Pugh score was calculated which included ascites, encephalopathy, prothrombin time, albumin and serum bilirubin. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein were measured and HCC was diagnosed. The primary outcome variable was presence of HCC in cirrhotic patients. The proportion of males [53%] was higher as compared to females [47%]. The mean age of the study patients was 40.47 years with a standard deviation of 11.5. At the beginning patients were categorized according to Child Pugh Classes [A= up to 6, B=7-9 and C=10-11], age groups [15-30 years, 31-50 years and 51- 70 years respectively]. The mean Child Pugh score was 6.83 with +/- 1.8 S.D. The majority of the cases of HCC [75.61%] occurred in the Child Class A, whereas 21.95% occurred in Child Class B and finally only one case of HCC [2.44%] was present in Child Class C. This study comprehensively demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] is far more common in compensated cirrhosis [Child Pugh Class A] vs. decompensated cirrhosis [Child Pugh Class B and C]